Jul 2007
IRIG: Incretin Safety in JAMA
07/20/2007 06:34
Incretin are defined as a hormone produced in the
gastrointestinal tract in response to food (especialy
carbohydrates) intake, and stimulating insulin
secretion in the presence of glucose. Presently,
there are are two such hormones, glucagon-like
peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Since incretin is
able to reduce blood glucose and increase insulin
sensitivity, GLP-1 has been a pharmalogical target in
the control of glucose in clinics. Safety of GLP-1
analogues and GLP-1 enhancer (Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
inhibitors) has been a concern. In the current issue
of JAMA, this issue is addressed in a review article.
The conclusion is that "Glucagonlike peptide 1
analogues had more gastrointestinal side effects
(risk ratio, 2.9 [95% CI, 2.0-4.2] for nausea and 3.2
[95% CI, 2.5-4.4] for vomiting). Dipeptidyl peptidase
4 inhibitors had an increased risk of
infection".
See detail in attached
paper.
By Jianping at PBRC
---------------------------------------
Jianping Ye, MD
Professor of Molecular Biology
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
6400 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: (225) 763-3163
Fax: (225) 763-2525
E-mail: yej@pbrc.edu
By Jianping at PBRC
---------------------------------------
Jianping Ye, MD
Professor of Molecular Biology
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
6400 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: (225) 763-3163
Fax: (225) 763-2525
E-mail: yej@pbrc.edu
|
IRIG: NYP jumps out of brain, article in Nature Medicine
07/11/2007 02:19
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
is a neurotransmitter with well-known function in the
stimulation of food intake in the brain. In
ob/ob mice, expression of NPY is increased
in the brain and this increase contributes
to hyperphagia, which leads to obesity
in ob/ob mice on a regular diet. It is generally
believed that NPY is expressed in the brain, and acts
locally in the brain. In the current issue of Nature
Medicine, a new study suggests that NPY is able to
act in the adipose tissue for development
of central obesity in stress condition, such as cold
or aggression. This peripheral activity of NPY
includes stimulation of proliferation and
differentiation of preadipocytes, promotion of
angiogenesis and inhibition of lipolysis in adipose
tissue. NYP is found to be released from
sympathetic nerves in response to the stress. The
study suggests a novel function
of NPY. Attached is the paper and
commentary.
This paper is also recommended by Drs. Eric Ravussin and Vishwa Dixit at PBRC.
By Jianping at PBRC
--------------------------------------------------
Jianping Ye, MD
Professor of Molecular Biology
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
6400 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: (225) 763-3163
Fax: (225) 763-2525
E-mail: yej@pbrc.edu
This paper is also recommended by Drs. Eric Ravussin and Vishwa Dixit at PBRC.
By Jianping at PBRC
--------------------------------------------------
Jianping Ye, MD
Professor of Molecular Biology
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
6400 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: (225) 763-3163
Fax: (225) 763-2525
E-mail: yej@pbrc.edu
IRIG: Macrophage as TZD target for insulin sensitization in Natureand JCI
07/11/2007 02:16
TZD is a powerful
medicine for improvement of insulin sensitivity in
both human and animals. Adipocytes are
generally believed as the primary target of TZD,
which activates the nuclear receptor
PPARg. PPARg expression is highest in
adipocytes and adipocyte differentiation is
induced by TZD. However, this concept is challenged
by new studies published in Nature and JCI in
June. Both studies consistently suggest that PPARg in
macrophages is required for maintenance of
insulin sensitivity and energy balance. When
PPARg is specifically knocked out in macrophages,
mice developed metabolic syndrom and lost response to
TZD. See details in attached PDF
files.
Akt is a serine kinase in insulin signaling pathway. The up- and down-stream molecules of Akt are actively studied in several fields, including endocrinology, immunology and cancer biology. The reason is that Akt is also involved in signaling transduction of other growth factors. Attached include a review for Akt in this issue of Cell.
By Jianping at PBRC/LSU
----------------------------------
Jianping Ye, MD
Professor of Molecular Biology
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
6400 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: (225) 763-3163
Fax: (225) 763-2525
E-mail: yej@pbrc.edu
Akt is a serine kinase in insulin signaling pathway. The up- and down-stream molecules of Akt are actively studied in several fields, including endocrinology, immunology and cancer biology. The reason is that Akt is also involved in signaling transduction of other growth factors. Attached include a review for Akt in this issue of Cell.
By Jianping at PBRC/LSU
----------------------------------
Jianping Ye, MD
Professor of Molecular Biology
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Louisiana State University System
6400 Perkins Road
Baton Rouge, LA 70808
Phone: (225) 763-3163
Fax: (225) 763-2525
E-mail: yej@pbrc.edu